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Fermion

Fermions are particles with half-integer spin, such as 1/2, 3/2, 5/2. The Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.

 

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Elementary particles

The elementary particles quarks and leptons are fermions.

F E R M I O N S

Q u a r k s
	Ⅰ		Ⅱ		Ⅲ
	u up		c charm		t top
	d down		s strange		b bottum
	L e p t o n s
	Ⅰ		Ⅱ		Ⅲ
	e elektron		µ muon		τ tau
	νe e neutrino		νµ µ neutrino		ντ τ neutrino

 

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Composite particles

The composite particles baryons are also fermions, because they have a half-integer spin. They are hadrons because they consist of quarks.

F E R M I O N S

H A D R O N E N
B a r y o n s
	p proton		n neutron		···

 

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History The name fermion comes from the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954), who worked on quantum mechanics.

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